Python - Math Module
Python
In this tutorial we will learn about Math module and Mathematical Functions in Python.
Math Module
The math module is a standard module available in Python and it provides mathematical functions to developers.
To use the functions available in the math module we must start by first including the module using the import statement.
Write the following line to import the math module.
import math
Math Constants
Following are the commonly used math constants used in Python.
| Constant | Description |
|---|---|
| e | This represents the mathematical constant e. |
| pi | This represents the mathematical constant pi. |
In the following example we are printing the value of the mathematical constants.
# import module
import math
# output
print("e:", math.e) # e: 2.718281828459045
print("pi:", math.pi) # pi: 3.141592653589793
Math Functions
Following are some of the commonly used mathematical functions from the math module in Python.
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
math.ceil(x) | Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. |
math.fabs(x) | Returns the absolute value of x. |
math.floor(x) | Returns the largest number not greater that x. |
math.log(x) | Finds the natural log of x (where, x > 0). |
math.log10(x) | Finds the base 10 log of x (where, x > 0). |
max(x1, x2, ...) | Returns the maximum value from the given values. |
min(x1, x2, ...) | Returns the minimum value from the given values. |
math.pow(x, y) | Returns x to the power of y i.e. xy. |
round(x, [,n]) | Returns rounded value of x upto n decimal place. |
math.sqrt(x) | Returns the square root of x. |
In the following Python program we are using some of the Math functions.
# import module
import math
# output
print("ceil:", math.ceil(3.14)) # ceil: 4
print("fabs:", math.fabs(3.14)) # fabs: 3.14
print("fabs:", math.fabs(-3.14)) # fabs: 3.14
print("floor:", math.floor(-3.14)) # fabs: -4
print("log:", math.log(8)) # log: 2.0794415416798357
print("log10:", math.log10(8)) # log10: 0.9030899869919435
print("max:", max(1, 5, 3, 4)) # max: 5
print("min:", min(9, 3, 1, 6)) # min: 1
print("pow:", math.pow(2, 10)) # pow: 1024
print("round:", round(3.14159)) # round: 3
print("round:", round(3.14159, 2)) # round: 3.14
print("sqrt:", math.sqrt(4)) # sqrt: 2
Math Trigonometry Functions
Following are some of the commonly used trigonometry functions from the math module in Python.
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
math.acos(x) | Returns the arc cosine of x radian. |
math.asin(x) | Returns the arc sine of x radian. |
math.atan(x) | Returns the arc tangent of x radian. |
math.cos(x) | Returns the cosine of x radian. |
math.sin(x) | Returns the sine of x radian. |
math.tan(x) | Returns the tangent of x radian. |
math.degrees(x) | Convert x from radian to degree. |
math.radians(x) | Convert x from degree to radian. |
In the following Python program we are using some of the trigonometry functions.
# import module
import math
# output
print("acos:", math.acos(0.5)) # acos: 1.0471975511965976
print("asin:", math.asin(0.5)) # asin: 0.5235987755982988
print("atan:", math.atan(0.5)) # atan: 0.46364760900080615
print("cos:", math.cos(1.047197551)) # cos: 0.5000000001702587
print("sin:", math.sin(0.523598775)) # sin: 0.49999999948185797
print("tan:", math.tan(0.463647609)) # tan: 0.4999999999989924
print("degree:", math.degrees(3.1415926)) # degree: 179.99999692953102
print("radian:", math.radians(180)) # radian: 0.4999999999989924