C Programming
In this tutorial we will learn to use structures with arrays in C programming language.
We have already covered arrays and structures in previous tutorials.
In the following example we are creating a structure student to hold student detail.
student
struct student { char firstname[64]; char lastname[64]; char id[64]; int score; };
In the previous tutorial we created a single student structure variable by the name std1. Now we will create a student structure array variable stdArr
std1
stdArr
In the following example we are creating a student structure array variable stdArr to hold details of 3 students so the size of the array is 3.
struct student stdArr[3];
To access a member of a structure array variable we first select the index then we target the member.
In the following example we are selecting the first element of the structure array variable stdArr and then targeting the firstname member.
firstname
stdArr[0].firstname
Array indexing starts from 0 so, the first element of the array is at index 0.
In this example we will be using the student structure to create an array variable stdArr of size 3 to hold details of 3 students.
#include <stdio.h> int main(void) { // creating a student structure template struct student { char firstname[64]; char lastname[64]; char id[64]; int score; }; // creating a student structure array variable struct student stdArr[3]; // other variables int i; // taking user input for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { printf("Enter detail of student #%d\n", (i+1)); printf("Enter First Name: "); scanf("%s", stdArr[i].firstname); printf("Enter Last Name: "); scanf("%s", stdArr[i].lastname); printf("Enter ID: "); scanf("%s", stdArr[i].id); printf("Enter Score: "); scanf("%d", &stdArr[i].score); } // output for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { printf("\nStudent #%d Detail:\n", (i+1)); printf("Firstname: %s\n", stdArr[i].firstname); printf("Lastname: %s\n", stdArr[i].lastname); printf("ID: %s\n", stdArr[i].id); printf("Score: %d\n", stdArr[i].score); } return 0; }
In the above code we are using & like &stdArr[i].score when taking integer value. For string input we don't need the ampersand so, we have std[i].firstname, std[i].lastname and std[i].id.
&
&stdArr[i].score
std[i].firstname
std[i].lastname
std[i].id
Output:
Enter detail of student #1 Enter First Name: Bruce Enter Last Name: Wayne Enter ID: dc-01 Enter Score: 8 Enter detail of student #2 Enter First Name: Peter Enter Last Name: Parker Enter ID: mc-01 Enter Score: 9 Enter detail of student #3 Enter First Name: Tony Enter Last Name: Stark Enter ID: mc-02 Enter Score: 7 Student #1 Detail: Firstname: Bruce Lastname: Wayne ID: dc-01 Score: 8 Student #2 Detail: Firstname: Peter Lastname: Parker ID: mc-01 Score: 9 Student #3 Detail: Firstname: Tony Lastname: Stark ID: mc-02 Score: 7